Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale, 3D-WS

Test scores

Reflective dimension
2.8][2.94.0][4.15][1
3.1
Cognitive dimension
3.2][3.34.3][4.45][1
2.8
Affective dimension
3.0][3.14.1][4.25][1
2.8
lowaveragehigh level

norms by authors (n=180, 52-87 years, US)

Calculations

Report

The cognitive dimension of wisdom refers to a person's ability to understand life, that is, to comprehend the significance and deeper meaning of phenomena and events, particularly with regard to intra-personal and interpersonal matters. This includes knowledge of the positive and negative aspects of human nature, of the inherent limits of knowledge, and of life's unpredictability and uncertainties.

The reflective dimension is a prerequisite for the development of the cognitive dimension of wisdom. A deeper understanding of life is only possible if one can perceive reality as it is without any major distortions. To do this, one needs to engage in reflective thinking by looking at phenomena and events from many different perspectives to develop self-awareness and self-insight. This practice will gradually reduce one's self-centeredness, subjectivity, and projections, and increase one's insight into the true nature of things, including the motivations of one's own and other people's behavior.

A diminished self-centeredness and a better understanding of people's behavior, in turn, are likely to improve one's affective emotions and demeanor toward others and tend to increase sympathetic and compassionate love.

References