Survey of Personal Beliefs, SPB

Test scores

Lower scores indicate greater irrationality.

• Awfulizing beliefs – tendency to interpret negative events as catastrophic or unbearable. Lower scores indicate stronger catastrophic thinking, whereas higher scores reflect a more balanced evaluation of adversity.

• Should, ought, and must beliefs – rigid and demanding expectations about how oneself, others, or the world should be. Lower scores indicate more inflexible and absolutistic thinking, whereas higher scores reflect greater flexibility.

• Low frustration tolerance beliefs – perception that discomfort or difficulty cannot be tolerated. Lower scores indicate reduced tolerance for frustration, whereas higher scores reflect greater resilience in the face of challenges.

• Self-worth beliefs – tendency to evaluate the entire self rather than specific behaviors or actions. Lower scores indicate stronger global self-judgment, whereas higher scores reflect a more differentiated and accepting self-view.