| Test: | Instrumental and Expressive Representation Scales, Expagg |
| Link: | persistent link: https://psytests.org/result?v=abdl2vt |
Expressive | |
20 | |
[ low level ] | |
Instrumental | |
25 | |
[ average level ] | |
norms by authors (male)
Research has suggested that people may differ in the extent to which they see their own aggression as an instrumental or an expressive behaviour. A more expressive representation suggests regarding aggression as a loss of control, whereas to view aggression instrumentally is to see it in terms of gaining control over someone or something.
Higher scores indicate a stronger expressive or instrumental belief.