Passive Aggression Scale, PAS

Test scores

Higher scores indicate stronger expression of passive-aggressive tendencies.

• Inducing Criticism reflects the tendency to indirectly damage others' reputation or provoke negative judgments through criticism, exposure of weaknesses, or other socially mediated behaviors.

• Avoiding / Ignoring reflects the tendency to express hostility through withdrawal, avoidance, rejection, or deliberately ignoring others.

• Sabotaging reflects the tendency to interfere with others' goals or activities through covert obstruction, intentional inefficiency, or failure to provide genuine support.