Culture, identity, and intergroup relations include the ways people understand their cultural belonging, relate to ethnic, national, regional, and other groups, interpret cultural norms, and evaluate out-groups. This domain covers both identity-related constructs and broader cultural frameworks that shape social perception and behavior.
These measures are not limited to individual attitudes. They also assess group belonging, cultural values, acculturation, intercultural competence, tolerance, prejudice, xenophobia, and social distance between groups.
These instruments assess how people define themselves through ethnic, national, regional, cultural, bicultural, or group membership. They may describe identity clarity, belonging, affiliation, essentialist beliefs about groups, and the perceived place of one's group in personal identity.
The Revised Regional Identity Scale (RIS-2) assesses identification with a region or local community, including emotional attachment, sense of belonging, and regional self-definition.
The Measure of Youth's Ethnic and National Identity (MYENI) assesses ethnic and national identity in children and adolescents, including identification with an ethnic group and with the country of residence.
The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure Revised (MEIM-R) assesses ethnic identity across groups, focusing on ethnic identity exploration and commitment.
The Bicultural Identity Integration Scale (BIIS-2) assesses how people experience their two cultural identities as compatible or conflicting, and as blended or kept separate.
The Perceived Collective Continuity Scale (PCC) assesses the extent to which people perceive their group as having continuity across time, including shared history, traditions, values, and future persistence.
These measures describe broad cultural frameworks that shape expectations about social life, relationships, authority, autonomy, cooperation, tradition, and everyday behavior. They are often used to compare individual, group, organizational, or national-level cultural orientations.
The Social Axioms Survey (SAS) assesses generalized beliefs about how the social world functions, including social cynicism, reward for application, fate control, religiosity, and social complexity.
The Values Survey Module (VSM), developed within Hofstede's cultural framework, assesses cultural dimensions such as individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity-femininity, and long-term orientation.
The East-West Questionnaire (EWQ) captures broader differences in thinking styles, values, and social expectations associated with Western and Eastern cultural frameworks.
The Individualism-Collectivism Scale (INDCOL) assesses horizontal and vertical forms of individualism and collectivism, distinguishing autonomy and group orientation from equality and hierarchy within social relations.
These instruments assess the ability to understand, adapt to, and act effectively in culturally diverse settings. They may include cognitive, motivational, behavioral, emotional, and reflective components of intercultural interaction.
The Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) assesses perceived capability to function effectively in culturally diverse settings, including metacognitive, cognitive, motivational, and behavioral cultural intelligence.
These measures focus on adaptation to a new cultural environment, including acculturation orientations, psychological adaptation, sociocultural competence, bicultural experience, and acculturative stress. They are especially relevant for migrants, minorities, international students, and children growing up between cultures.
The Acculturation Attitudes Questionnaire assesses acculturation attitudes toward maintaining one's heritage culture and participating in the larger or host society, reflecting Berry's framework of acculturation orientations.
The Brief Psychological Adaptation Scale (BPAS) assesses psychological adaptation in cross-cultural transition, including emotional well-being, life satisfaction, and subjective adjustment.
The Brief Acculturation Orientation Scale (BAOS) assesses acculturation orientation, including orientation toward the heritage or home culture and toward the host or receiving culture.
The Brief Sociocultural Adaptation Scale (BSAS) assesses behavioral and practical adaptation to a new sociocultural environment.
The Revised Sociocultural Adaptation Scale (SCAS-R) assesses sociocultural adaptation, including everyday functioning, social interaction, communication, and adjustment to the norms and demands of a new cultural environment.
The Acculturative Stress Inventory for Children (ASIC) assesses stress experienced by children in the context of acculturation, migration, cultural transition, and adaptation to a new sociocultural environment.
These instruments assess attitudes toward social, ethnic, national, cultural, migrant, age, and other out-groups. They may describe tolerance, social distance, acceptance, ethnocentrism, xenophobia, discriminatory attitudes, and explicit or subtle forms of prejudice.
The Bogardus Social Distance Scale assesses willingness to accept members of different social groups at varying levels of closeness, from distant social contact to intimate or family relationships.
The Subtle and Blatant Prejudice Scale distinguishes between overtly hostile prejudice and more indirect forms of bias, such as perceived cultural difference or discomfort with intergroup contact.
The Ethnocentrism Scale (E Scale) assesses preference for one's own group and negative evaluation of out-groups, reflecting intergroup bias and social distance. ✝ historical
Ageism is included here as a specific form of group-based prejudice and discrimination.
The Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA) assesses negative attitudes, stereotypes, avoidance, and discriminatory beliefs toward older adults.
The Ageism Survey (Palmore) assesses experiences of ageism reported by older adults, including different forms of age-based prejudice and discrimination. It is useful in research on perceived discrimination, aging, and social attitudes toward older people.
⇒ Social Attitudes. Cultural identity and intergroup relations are closely tied to broader beliefs about society, justice, authority, civic life, and social order.
⇒ Social Functioning. Acculturation, intercultural competence, and tolerance may influence how people communicate, adapt, receive support, and behave in everyday social contexts.
⇒ Gender Roles. Gender norms, masculinity and femininity, conformity to gender expectations, and gender-related prejudice are considered in this domain.
Measures in this domain should be interpreted with attention to the level of analysis: personal identity, group belonging, cultural orientation, intercultural adaptation, or attitudes toward out-groups. Similar scores may have different meanings depending on cultural context, migration history, social position, and the group being evaluated.
Together, these instruments help describe how people locate themselves within cultural and group systems, how they understand cultural norms, and how they respond to difference, diversity, and intergroup boundaries.